Purpose: This study examined the validation of Korean version of a measure of life skills transfer with the life skills transfer survey developed by Weiss, Bolter, and Kipp (2014). Methods: Three phases were undertaken to address purpose of this study. In phase 1, content validity was tested with the LSTS composed of 8-factor, 50-item. In phase 2, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted on responses from 323 youths. And in phase 3, Confirmatory factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on a unique data of 377 youths. Results: The EFA extracted eight factors and 38 items. The eight life skills included Helping Each Others (7-item), Making Healthy Choices (5-item), Appreciating Diversity (3-item), Meeting and Greeting (6-item), Goal Setting (5-item), Resolving Conflict with Friends (4-item), Resolving Conflict with Siblings (4-item), and Managing Emotion (4-item). The CFA revealed the validity of KLSTS with the eight-factor solution was confirmed and fit indices suggested a good fit (CFI=.909, TLI=.900, RMSEA=.051, and SRMR=.056). Conclusion: This study provides that the KLSTS is a reliable and valid measure to assess life skills transfer of Korean youths.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a structural relationships among adolescent athletes’ cognitive appraisal, emotions, coping, and goal attainment, and to investigate its invariance across gender and athletic career. Methods: Subjects were 473 high school athletes (318 males, 155 females). The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation, structural equation modelling, and multi-group analysis. Results: Adolescent athletes’ positive emotions and problem-oriented coping partially mediated the relationship between their challenge appraisal and goal attainment in a competitive situation. Also athletes’ positive emotions and emotion-oriented coping partially mediated the relationship between challenge appraisal and goal attainment. But negative emotions, emotion-focused coping, and avoidance coping did not mediate the relationship between threat appraisal and goal attainment. The structural relationship were invariant across gender and athletic career. Conclusion: These findings suggest that athletes should perceive a stressful event as challengeable and develop problem-oriented coping for their goal attainment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal mediating effect of community spirit on the relationship between exercise hours in physical education class and peer relation in elementary school students. Methods: After excluding missing values, total 2,163 longitudinal data from 1st to 3th wave (4-6th grade in elementary school) in Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey were used to perform latent growth model analysis. Results: There were linear increases in exercise hours and peer relation, but linear decrease in community spirit, and the initial value and the rate of change in all three variables were statistically significant. Results of mediating analysis represented that there were no direct effects from the initial value of exercise hours to the initial value of peer relation, while there was significant indirect effect mediated by the initial value of community spirit. Also, the rate of change in exercise hours indirectly influenced the rate of change in peer relation via the rate of change in community spirit. Thus, the longitudinal mediating effect of community spirit between exercise hours and peer relation in elementary students was verified. Conclusion: The results provided implications that students with more hours of exercise have strong community spirit which develop peer relation, and increasing exercise hours can help making good peer relation in elementary school students through developing their community spirit.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how the impression management of soccer coaches is manifested on the stage of sports, based on Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical framework, and to examine what the motive for the techniques of impression management is. Methods: A phenomenological research method which is one of qualitative research methods was applied. Data were collected from in-depth interview with 9 soccer coaches selected by purposeful sampling and literature. Collected data were analyzed by using textual analysis. Results: It was shown that soccer coaches used dramatic realization, mystification, maintenance of expressive control, idealization, and contrivance. Also, inner motives for why soccer coaches perform such impression management techniques were emerged: as a role model for players, philosophic learning from an excellent leader, to become a soccer coach they aim to be, in order to find dreams and ideals, as well as the view of others. Conclusion: Based on these results, impression management techniques could be the positive element for daily interactive relationship between soccer coaches and players and could be the good stepping stone for being more outstanding coaches while playing on impression management techniques.

Purpose: Fire officials who experience traumatic events suffer from physical and psychological stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Mindfulness based body-psychological exercise program on the reduction of post-traumatic stress symptoms in fire officials. Methods: 24 fire officials(12 treatment group, 12 control group) working in G fire station participated. Mindfulness based body-psychological exercise program was conducted for about 2 hours per session twice per week in the treatment group. For the quantitative analysis, the questionnaires including the quality of life, the event impact scale, the somatosensory amplification scale, and the physical symptom scale were conducted at the first session and the last session to compare the differences among groups. For the qualitative analysis, a group meeting was held every semester and individual interviews were conducted at one week after the end of the program. Results: The results revealed that psychological satisfaction of life, PTSD symptoms, and cardiovascular problems were statistically significantly reduced. The qualitative analysis indicated that the participants obviously obtained benefit of physical sensation, mindfulness experience, psychological stability, behavioral change, and mind and body monism on mindfulness based body-psychological exercise program. Conclusion: The quantitative and qualitative effects of mindfulness based body-psychological exercise program were discussed. And the limitations of this study were discussed and suggestions for future study were presented.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the multiple mediating effects of physical quality of life and activities of daily living on the relationship between physical activity and global quality of life. We also examined whether the multiple mediating effects would be moderated by age. Methods: To achieve these goals, we recruited Korean American adults from the southeastern United States and used survey data from 201 Korean Americans to analyze moderated mediation models. Results: Physical activity was positively associated with physical quality of life and activities of daily living, which in turn, was positively associated with global quality. After controlling for physical quality of life and activities of daily living, physical activity was negatively associated with global quality of life. Although a high physical activity level led to high global quality of life via physical quality of life and activities of daily living, the effects of physical activity were reduced with advancing age. Conclusion: The effects of physical activity on global quality of life via physical quality of life and activities of daily living were moderated by age. The results demonstrate the need to consider cultural environmental factors to develop a positive lifestyle through physical activity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in visual search strategies during various attack situations in soccer according to expertise. Methods: Expert participants (n=4) had at least ten years of experience, and novice participants (n=4) had no more than one year of experience in this experiment. All subject had performed the task twenty times and passed the ball when they thought they could create a decisive goal. In this process, the participants’eye movement was recorded during each trial, and the mean visual search rate(fixation frequency, the ratio of fixation duration), fixation location, and eye movement pattern was analyzed. Results: The results of this study were as follow. First, for regarding the eye fixation, experts appear to have less eye fixation frequency than non-experts. Also, experts fixed their eyes longer than non-experts in the percentage of gaze fixed time. Secondly, total regional fixation duration revealed that experts showed longer fixation time on the center area and paid less attention to the other areas. However, non-experts showed longer fixation time on whole areas that included the center and eye fixation were located in various areas. Conclusion: Finally, the frequency distribution of eye movement patterns between experts and non-experts revealed that the experts usually used eye movement patterns that included the center area. However, the date from the non-experts did not show any common eye movement patterns.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Rosenthal effect(Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968) on motor learning. Methods: For this, 30 children participated. They did not give any information about the purpose of this study and were randomly assigned to Rosenthal, golem, and control group, each of 10 people. In this study, golf putting was used and the dependent variable was the total error score(E). The data analysis of the acquisition phase was carried out under 3 (group) × 6 (block) factorial design with repeated measures on the last factor. In the retention phase, a one-way ANOVA was conducted. Results: The data were analyzed and the following results were obtained. First, the Rosenthal group showed the best performances at the acquisition phase. Second, in the immediately retention test, the Rosenthal group performed better than the golem group and the control group. Third, the delayed retention test showed that the Rosenthal group was superior to the golem group and the control group. Fourth, interview data analysis showed that there was a relatively positive response to the Rosenthal group. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that the Rosenthal effect can be fully applied to motor learning situations.